Multiple Choice Questions_
1. Planktonic organisms with size range 0.2-2 mm
_Answer:_ (b) Microplankton
_Reason:_ Microplankton includes organisms 0.2-2 mm in size.
1. Organisms associated with water surface film_Answer:_ (a) Neuston_Reason:_ Neuston organisms inhabit the water surface film.1. Method of estimating primary productivity_Answer:_ (b) Gaarder and Gran_Reason:_ Gaarder and Gran introduced the light and dark bottle method.1. Term nekton coined by_Answer:_ (a) Ernst Haeckel_Reason:_ Ernst Haeckel coined the term "nekton" for swimming organisms.1. Transparency of light in water measurement_Answer:_ (a) Secchi disc_Reason:_ Secchi discs measure water transparency.1. Warmer upper layer of the lake_Answer:_ (b) Epilimnion_Reason:_ Epilimnion is the warmer, upper layer of a lake.1. Organisms attached to vegetation surface_Answer:_ (b) Periphyton_Reason:_ Periphyton organisms attach to submerged vegetation._Match the Following:_1. Oligotrophic lake- (d) Poor nutrientsOligotrophic lakes have low nutrient levels.1. Seston- (g) Living and non-living matterSeston includes all suspended living and non-living particles.1. Eutrophication- (e) Excess nutrientsEutrophication results from excess nutrient input.1. Phosphate- (c) Limiting nutrientPhosphate often limits aquatic primary production.1. Phytoplankton- (a) AutotrophsPhytoplankton are autotrophic, photosynthetic organisms.1. Eichhornia crassipes- (i) Water hyacinthEichhornia crassipes is the scientific name for water hyacinth.1. Wheel animalcules- (i) RotifersRotifers are commonly known as wheel animalcules.1. Nephelometer- (b) TurbidityNephelometers measure water turbidity.1. Rotometer- (f) ShorelineRotometers measure shoreline length or area.1. Aufwuchs- (h) PeriphytonAufwuchs refers to periphyton, organisms attached to submerged surfaces.
Note:
- Microplankton: 0.2-2 mm size range
- Neuston: surface film organisms
- Gaarder and Gran: primary productivity method
- Ernst Haeckel: coined term "nekton"
- Secchi disc: measures water transparency
- Epilimnion: warmer upper lake layer
- Periphyton: attached to vegetation surface
Here are the answers with explanations:
_Multiple Choice Questions_(question 2)
1. Types of lakes formed by river activity
_Answer:_ (c) Fluvial lakes
_Reason:_ Fluvial lakes form through river erosion and deposition.
1. Deepest lake in the world
_Answer:_ (b) Baikal
_Reason:_ Lake Baikal, in Russia, is the world's deepest lake (1,642 meters).
1. Sequence of genesis of lotic ecosystem
_Answer:_ (c) Brook-Creek-Stream-River
_Reason:_ Lotic ecosystems develop from small brooks to larger rivers.
1. Bathyplankton occurrence
_Answer:_ (b) Aphotic zone
_Reason:_ Bathyplankton inhabit the aphotic zone, where light is scarce.
1. Lake with continuous mixing at low temperature
_Answer:_ (a) Holomictic lake
_Reason:_ Holomictic lakes experience complete mixing during seasonal turnover.
1. Salinity of freshwater
_Answer:_ (a) <0.05 ppt
_Reason:_ Freshwater typically has a salinity less than 0.05 parts per thousand.
1. Largest brackish water lagoon in Asia
_Answer:_ (d) Chilika lake
_Reason:_ Chilika Lake, in India, is Asia's largest brackish water lagoon.
1. Term "Nekton" coined by
_Answer:_ (a) Ernst Haeckel
_Reason:_ Ernst Haeckel introduced the term "nekton" for swimming organisms.
_Note:_
- Fluvial lakes: formed by river activity
- Lake Baikal: world's deepest lake
- Lotic ecosystem genesis: brook-creek-stream-river
- Bathyplankton: inhabit aphotic zone
- Holomictic lake: continuous mixing
- Freshwater salinity: <0.05 ppt
- Chilika Lake: largest Asian brackish lagoon
- Ernst Haeckel: coined term "nekton"
Here are the answers with explanations:
_Multiple Choice Questions_(question 3)
1. Cat tail common name
_Answer:_ (b) Typha
_Reason:_ Typha is commonly known as cattail, a aquatic plant genus.
1. Oxygen solubility decrease with
_Answer:_ (c) Temperature
_Reason:_ Increasing temperature reduces oxygen solubility in water.
1. Eutrophication cause in freshwater
_Answer:_ (a) Nutrient
_Reason:_ Excess nutrients, especially N and P, lead to eutrophication.
1. False plankton
_Answer:_ (b) Pseudoplankton
_Reason:_ Pseudoplankton, or false plankton, includes non-planktonic organisms.
1. Rotometer measures
_Answer:_ (b) Current
_Reason:_ Rotometers measure water current velocity.
1. Example of submerged weeds
_Answer:_ (d) All the above (Potamogeton, Valisneria, Najas)
_Reason:_ These are all examples of submerged aquatic plants.
1. Microplankton size range
_Answer:_ (b) 40-500 µm
_Reason:_ Microplankton typically range from 40-500 µm in size.
_Match the Following:_
1. Running water plankton
- (g) Potamoplankton
Potamoplankton inhabit running waters.
1. Brackish water plankton
- (e) Hypalmyroplankton
Hypalmyroplankton thrive in brackish waters.
1. Loktak lake
- (1) Manipur
Loktak Lake is located in Manipur, India.
1. Osman Sagar lake
- (h) Gandhipet
Osman Sagar Lake, also known as Gandhipet, is in Telangana.
1. Permanent plankton
- (d) Holoplankton
Holoplankton spend their entire life cycle as plankton.
1. True plankton
- (c) Euplankton
Euplankton are genuine plankton, adapted for planktonic life.
1. Koleru lake
- (j) Tamil Nadu (Andhra Pradesh)
Koleru Lake is located on the border of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
1. Sambar lake
- (b) Rajasthan
Sambhar Lake is in Rajasthan, India.
1. Maximum small reservoir
- (a) Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh has numerous small reservoirs.
1. Blue-green algae
- (i) Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria are commonly referred to as blue-green algae.
_Note:_
- Typha: cattail
- Oxygen solubility: decreases with temperature
- Eutrophication: excess nutrients
- Pseudoplankton: false plankton
- Rotometer: measures current
- Submerged weeds: Potamogeton, Valisneria, Najas
- Microplankton: 40-500 µm size range
Here are the answers with explanations:
_Multiple Choice Questions_
1. Water temperature concentration
_Answer:_ (b) Low
_Reason:_ Water temperature affects concentration; lower temperatures increase solubility.
1. Pond ecosystem area with P/R < 1
_Answer:_ (c) Profundal zone
_Reason:_ Profundal zones have lower production than respiration (P/R < 1).
1. Natural place where organisms live
_Answer:_ (b) Habitat
_Reason:_ Habitat refers to the natural environment where organisms live.
1. Factor increasing ion concentration
_Answer:_ (c) Evaporation
_Reason:_ Evaporation increases ion concentration by removing water.
1. Largest brackish water lagoon in Asia
_Answer:_ (d) Chilika lake
_Reason:_ Chilika Lake, in India, is Asia's largest brackish water lagoon.
1. Summer water density
_Answer:_ (c) High
_Reason:_ Water density increases with temperature, highest in summer.
1. Lake with regular stratification alternation
_Answer:_ (d) Temperate lake
_Reason:_ Temperate lakes experience seasonal stratification changes.
_Match the Following:_
1. Carbonic acid
- (i) H₂O+CO₂
Carbonic acid forms from water and carbon dioxide.
1. Solubility of Gas
- (g) Henry's Law
Henry's Law describes gas solubility in liquids.
1. Coontail
- (f) Ceratophyllum
Ceratophyllum, or coontail, is a submerged aquatic plant.
1. Duck weed
- (6) Lemna
Lemna, or duckweed, is a floating aquatic plant.
1. Submerged plant
- (h) Vallisneria
Vallisneria is a submerged aquatic plant.
1. Reelfoot Lake
- (c) USA
Reelfoot Lake is located in Tennessee and Kentucky, USA.
1. Lake Baikal
- (b) Siberia
Lake Baikal is in southern Siberia, Russia.
1. Dal and Wular lakes
- (e) Kashmir
Dal and Wular lakes are located in Kashmir, India.
1. Amictic
- (a) No mixing
Amictic lakes have no seasonal mixing.
1. Polymictic
- (d) Continuous mixing
Polymictic lakes experience continuous mixing.
_Note:_
- Low temperature: increases solubility
- Profundal zone: P/R < 1
- Habitat: natural environment
- Evaporation: increases ion concentration
- Chilika Lake: largest Asian brackish lagoon
- High summer water density
- Temperate lakes: regular stratification alternation
Here are the answers with explanations:
_Multiple Choice Questions_(question 4)
1. Term limnology coined by
_Answer:_ (c) Francois-Alphonse Forel
_Reason:_ Francois-Alphonse Forel introduced the term "limnology" in 1892.
1. Dissolved oxygen increase with
_Answer:_ (a) Pressure
_Reason:_ Increased pressure raises dissolved oxygen levels in water.
1. Factor affecting dissolved oxygen capacity
_Answer:_ (b) Salinity and temperature
_Reason:_ Both salinity and temperature influence water's oxygen-holding capacity.
1. Carbonate association contributing to hardness
_Answer:_ (c) Calcium
_Reason:_ Calcium carbonate contributes to water hardness.
1. Carbonic acid formation
_Answer:_ (b) Neutral pH
_Reason:_ Carbonic acid forms when CO2 reacts with water at neutral pH.
1. Oxygen solubility relation
_Answer:_ (a) Atmospheric pressure and temperature
_Reason:_ Oxygen solubility decreases with increasing temperature and increases with pressure.
1. Limiting mineral for algal growth
_Answer:_ (a) Phosphorus
_Reason:_ Phosphorus often limits algal growth in aquatic ecosystems.
1. Lake classification (never cooled below 4°C)
_Answer:_ (a) Tropical lake
_Reason:_ Tropical lakes remain warm and stratified year-round.
_Note:_
- Francois-Alphonse Forel: coined term "limnology"
- Pressure: increases dissolved oxygen
- Salinity and temperature: affect oxygen capacity
- Calcium carbonate: contributes to hardness
- Neutral pH: carbonic acid forms
- Atmospheric pressure and temperature: affect oxygen solubility
- Phosphorus: limits algal growth
- Tropical lake: never cools below 4°C
Here are the answers with explanations:
_Multiple Choice Questions_
1. Low water temperature effect on dissolved oxygen
_Answer:_ (a) High
_Reason:_ Low temperatures increase dissolved oxygen levels in water.
1. Pond ecosystem area with P/R < 1
_Answer:_ (c) Profundal zone
_Reason:_ Profundal zones have lower production than respiration (P/R < 1).
1. Natural place where organisms live
_Answer:_ (b) Habitat
_Reason:_ Habitat refers to the natural environment where organisms live.
1. Factor not increasing ion concentration
_Answer:_ (a) Sub saturation
_Reason:_ Sub saturation reduces ion concentration.
1. Largest brackish water lagoon in Asia
_Answer:_ (d) Chilika lake
_Reason:_ Chilika Lake, in India, is Asia's largest brackish water lagoon.
1. Summer water density
_Answer:_ (c) High
_Reason:_ Water density increases with temperature, highest in summer.
1. Lake with regular stratification alternation
_Answer:_ (d) Temperate lake
_Reason:_ Temperate lakes experience seasonal stratification changes.
_Match the Following:_
1. Carbonic acid
- (i) H₂O+CO₂
Carbonic acid forms from water and carbon dioxide.
1. Solubility of Gas
- (g) Henry's Law
Henry's Law describes gas solubility in liquids.
1. Coontail
- (1) Ceratophyllum
Ceratophyllum, or coontail, is a submerged aquatic plant.
1. Duck weed
- (G) Lemna
Lemna, or duckweed, is a floating aquatic plant.
1. Submerged plant
- (h) Vallisneria
Vallisneria is a submerged aquatic plant.
1. Reelfoot Lake
- (c) USA
Reelfoot Lake is located in Tennessee and Kentucky, USA.
1. Lake Baikal
- (b) Siberia
Lake Baikal is in southern Siberia, Russia.
1. Dal and Wular lakes
- (e) Kashmir
Dal and Wular lakes are located in Kashmir, India.
1. Amictic
- (a) No mixing
Amictic lakes have no seasonal mixing.
1. Polymictic
- (d) Continuous mixing
Polymictic lakes experience continuous mixing.
_Note:_
- Low temperature: increases dissolved oxygen
- Profundal zone: P/R < 1
- Habitat: natural environment
- Sub saturation: reduces ion concentration
- Chilika Lake: largest Asian brackish lagoon
- High summer water density
- Temperate lakes: regular stratification alternation
Here are the answers with explanations:
_Multiple Choice Questions_
1. Term limnology coined by
_Answer:_ (c) Francois-Alphonse Forel
_Reason:_ Francois-Alphonse Forel introduced the term "limnology" in 1892.
1. Dissolved oxygen increase with
_Answer:_ (a) Pressure
_Reason:_ Increased pressure raises dissolved oxygen levels in water.
1. Factor affecting dissolved oxygen capacity
_Answer:_ (b) Salinity and temperature
_Reason:_ Both salinity and temperature influence water's oxygen-holding capacity.
1. Carbonate association contributing to hardness
_Answer:_ (c) Calcium
_Reason:_ Calcium carbonate contributes to water hardness.
1. Carbonic acid formation
_Answer:_ (b) Neutral pH
_Reason:_ Carbonic acid forms when CO2 reacts with water at neutral pH.
1. Oxygen solubility relation
_Answer:_ (d) Both (b & c) - Water salinity and temperature
_Reason:_ Oxygen solubility decreases with increasing temperature and salinity.
1. Limiting mineral for algal growth
_Answer:_ (a) Phosphorus
_Reason:_ Phosphorus often limits algal growth in aquatic ecosystems.
1. Lake classification (never cooled below 4°C)
_Answer:_ (a) Tropical lake
_Reason:_ Tropical lakes remain warm and stratified year-round.
_Note:_
- Francois-Alphonse Forel: coined term "limnology"
- Pressure: increases dissolved oxygen
- Salinity and temperature: affect oxygen capacity
- Calcium carbonate: contributes to hardness
- Neutral pH: carbonic acid forms
- Salinity and temperature: affect oxygen solubility
- Phosphorus: limits algal growth
- Tropical lake: never cools below 4°C
Here are the answers with explanations:
_Multiple Choice Questions_
1. Largest river system in India
_Answer:_ (b) Ganga
_Reason:_ Ganga river system is India's largest, covering 25% of the country.
1. Technique to measure primary production
_Answer:_ (c) Primary production (using Oxygen method or 14C technique)
_Reason:_ Primary production measures photosynthesis; techniques include oxygen method or 14C.
1. Factor affecting water density
_Answer:_ (c) Temperature
_Reason:_ Temperature influences water density; warmer water is less dense.
1. Secchi disk origin
_Answer:_ (b) Secchi (after Angelo Secchi)
_Reason:_ Angelo Secchi developed the Secchi disk for measuring water transparency.
1. Thermocline/Metalimnion definition
_Answer:_ (a) Middle layer (21°C above >7°C)
_Reason:_ Thermocline/Metalimnion is the middle layer where temperature changes rapidly.
1. Limiting factor for algal growth
_Answer:_ (a) Phosphorus
_Reason:_ Phosphorus often limits algal growth in aquatic ecosystems.
1. Lake classification by productivity
_Answer:_ (d) All (Oligotrophic, Eutrophic, Dystrophic)
_Reason:_ Lakes are classified as Oligotrophic (low productivity), Eutrophic (high), or Dystrophic (very low).
1. Nutrient enrichment effect
_Answer:_ (a) Eutrophication
_Reason:_ Eutrophication is increased productivity due to excess nutrients.
1. Lake classification (water never cooled below 4°C)
_Answer:_ (a) Tropical lake
_Reason:_ Tropical lakes remain warm and stratified year-round.
_Note:_
- Ganga: largest Indian river system
- Primary production: measured via oxygen or 14C
- Temperature: affects water density
- Secchi disk: measures water transparency
- Thermocline: middle layer with rapid temperature change
- Phosphorus: limits algal growth
- Lakes classified by productivity: Oligotrophic, Eutrophic, Dystrophic
- Eutrophication: increased productivity from excess nutrients
- Tropical lake: remains warm and stratified
Here are the answers with explanations:
_Multiple Choice Questions_
1. Lakes sealed permanently by ice
_Answer:_ (c) Amictic lake
_Reason:_ Amictic lakes remain ice-covered year-round, with minimal temperature variation.
1. Horseshoe-shaped lake
_Answer:_ (c) Kodaikanal lake
_Reason:_ Kodaikanal Lake in Tamil Nadu, India, is known for its horseshoe shape.
1. Water exists only in spring season
_Answer:_ (a) Vernal pond
_Reason:_ Vernal ponds are temporary water bodies that exist only during spring.
1. Marginal zone plant
_Answer:_ (b) Typha
_Reason:_ Typha, or cattail, is a common marginal zone plant.
1. Depth where photosynthesis equals respiration
_Answer:_ (a) Compensation depth
_Reason:_ Compensation depth is where photosynthesis and respiration rates are equal.
1. Rift lake example
_Answer:_ (b) Lake Baikal
_Reason:_ Lake Baikal, in Russia, is a rift lake formed in the Earth's crust fissures.
_Match the Following:_
1. Reelfoot Lake
- (c) USA
Reelfoot Lake is located in Tennessee and Kentucky, USA.
1. Lake Baikal
- (b) Siberia
Lake Baikal is in southern Siberia, Russia.
1. Wular lakes
- (a) Kashmir
Wular Lake is located in Kashmir, India.
1. Vembanad lake
- (h) Kerala
Vembanad Lake is located in Kerala, India.
1. Hali plankton
- (g) Salt water plankton
Hali plankton inhabit saltwater environments.
1. Hypalmyro plankton
- (j) Brackish water plankton
Hypalmyro plankton thrive in brackish waters.
1. Marginal weed
- (i) Typha
Typha, or cattail, is a marginal zone plant.
1. Duck weed
- (e) Lemna
Lemna, or duckweed, is a floating aquatic plant.
1. Chilka lake
- (d) Orissa
Chilika Lake is located in Odisha (formerly Orissa), India.
1. Rheo plankton
- Running water plankton (Potamoplankton)
_Note:_
- Amictic lake: permanently ice-covered
- Kodaikanal lake: horseshoe-shaped
- Vernal pond: temporary spring water body
- Typha: marginal zone plant
- Compensation depth: photosynthesis equals respiration
- Lake Baikal: rift lake example
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